ncRNA의 분류
non-coding RNA = ncRNA = non-protein-coding RNA = npcRNA = non-messenger RNA = nmRNA = functional RNA = fRNA ?=? small RNA = sRNA)
- transfer RNA = tRNA
- ribisomal RNA = rRNA
- RNA interference = RNAi
- microRNA = miRNA
- Small interfering RNA = siRNA
- Small nuclear RNA = snRNA = U-RNA
- Extracellular RNA = exRNA = exosomal RNA
- Piwi-interacting RNA = piRNA
- Long non-coding RNA = long ncRNA, lncRNA
- Long intergenic non-coding RNAs = lincRNA
- Counter-transcribed RNA = ctRNA
- NoRC associated RNA = pRNA
- Transfer-messenger RNA = tmRNA = 10Sa RNA
- small trans-acting RNAs = taRNAs
Non-coding RNA is a functional RNA molecule that is not translated into a protein
non-coding RNA (ncRNA) == non-protein-coding RNA (npcRNA) == non-messenger RNA (nmRNA) == functional RNA (fRNA)
small RNA (sRNA) is often used for short bacterial ncRNA
sub groups
1. transfer RNA (tRNA)
Transfer RNA (tRNA) == archaically soluble RNA (sRNA)
the physical link between the nucleotide sequence of nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) and the amino acid sequence of proteins.
2. ribisomal RNA (rRNA)
essential for protein synthesis in all living organisms
3. small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA)
a class of small RNA molecules
primarily guide chemical modifications of other RNAs, mainly ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs and small nuclear RNAs.
4. microRNA (miRNA)
functions in transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression
miRNAs are well conserved in eukaryotic organisms and are thought to be a vital and evolutionarily ancient component of genetic regulation
5. Small interfering RNA (siRNA)
Small interfering RNA (siRNA) == short interfering RNA == silencing RNA
6. RNA interference (RNAi)
post transcriptional gene silencing
a biological process in which RNA molecules inhibit gene expression
Two types of small ribonucleic acid (RNA) molecules – microRNA (miRNA) and small interfering RNA (siRNA) – are central to RNA interference
7. Small nuclear RNA (snRNA)
U-RNA
Small nuclear ribonucleic acid
is a class of small RNA
are found within the nucleus of eukaryotic cells
approximately 150 nucleotides
function is in the processing of pre-mRNA (hnRNA) in the nucleus
8. Extracellular RNA (exRNA)
exosomal RNA
present outside of the cells from which they were transcribed
discovered in bodily fluids such as venous blood, saliva, breast milk, urine, semen, menstrual blood, and vaginal fluid.
Although their biological function is not fully understood, exRNAs have been proposed to play a role in a variety of biological processes including syntrophy, intercellular communication, and cell regulation
9. Piwi-interacting RNA (piRNA)
the largest class of small non-coding RNA molecules expressed in animal cells
These piRNA complexes have been linked to both epigenetic and post-transcriptional gene silencing of retrotransposons and other genetic elements in germ line cells, particularly those in spermatogenesis
10. Long non-coding RNA
Long non-coding RNAs (long ncRNAs, lncRNA)
non-protein coding transcripts longer than 200 nucleotides
This somewhat arbitrary limit distinguishes long ncRNAs from small regulatory RNAs such as microRNAs (miRNAs), short interfering RNAs (siRNAs), Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs), and other short RNAs
11. Long intergenic non-coding RNAs (lincRNA)
long non-coding RNAs that are transcribed from non-coding DNA sequences between protein-coding genes
Some lincRNAs attach to messenger RNA to block protein production
12. Counter-transcribed RNA (ctRNA)
plasmid encoded noncoding RNA that binds to the mRNA of repB and causes translational inhibition
13. NoRC associated RNA (pRNA)
a non-coding RNA element which regulates ribosomal RNA transcription by interacting with TIP5, part of the NoRC chromatin remodeling complex.
14. Transfer-messenger RNA (tmRNA)
10Sa RNA
dual tRNA-like and messenger RNA-like properties
15. small trans-acting RNAs (taRNAs)
